CHKDSK, más comúnmente conocido como Check Disk, se trata de una herramienta propiedad de Microsoft que nos permite, entre otras cosas, analizar el estado de los discos duros y las unidades de almacenamiento externas conectadas al equipo para buscar errores y repararlos posteriormente. La herramienta en cuestión es accesible desde la máquina de comandos (CMD) de Windows 10, 8 ó 7, y para hacer uso de la misma tendremos que abrir la CMD con privilegios de administrador.
Hace unas semanas vimos 20 trucos de Windows 10 para mejorar el rendimiento del PC y otros 10 trucos interesantes para sacar todo el jugo a la interfaz de Windows 10. En el día de hoy hemos hecho una recopilación de todos los comandos y parámetros de CHKDSK para Windows.
Lo primero, ¿qué es CHKDSK de Windows y para qué sirve?
CHKDSK se trata de un comando de los sistemas basados en DOS y Microsoft Windows que se emplea para analizar las unidades de disco duro y las unidades externas (un pendrive, un disco duro externo, una tarjeta SD de memoria…) en busca de errores lógicos del sistema de archivos y el sistema de particiones para repararlos posteriormente.
El comando en cuestión es utilizado habitualmente para reparar discos duros de tipo HDD, si bien también es compatible con unidades de disco sólido SSD y unidades de almacenamiento extraibles. El uso del mismo es recomendable si tenemos algún problema con nuestro disco duro, pendrive o tarjeta SD. El sistema no reconoce la unidad, el disco funciona lento, la unidad muestra un formato RAW, no deja mover archivos en el disco…
En cuanto a la compatibilidad del comando con formatos de disco, CHKDSK es compatible con los siguientes sistemas de particiones:
- NTFS
- FAT
- FAT32
- ExFAT
Lista de comandos y parámetros de CHKDSK para Windows 10, 7 y 8
To use the CHKDSK Command in Windows through the CMD with administrator privileges, we will have to accompany its syntax with a series of parameters and commands .
What is it for? The functionality of the commands varies depending on the letter entered , and the list is quite generous.
chkdsk /?
This command is used to see the complete list of commands that we will explain in detail below. It does not have any functionality beyond displaying all the commands supported by Windows Check Disk.
chkdsk / scan
It is used to scan all disk drives in the system whose format is based on the Windows NTFS proprietary . The result of this command gives us both the list of NTFS disks and their status and if they need any repair using CHKDSK.
chkdsk / offlinescanandfix
Unlike chkdsk / scan, it performs an offline scan of all drives without the need to remain connected to the Internet . It requires the use of the / scan command to scan all NTFS disk drives, and its syntax must be executed as follows:
- chkdsk / scan / offlinescanandfix
chkdsk / perf
Command very similar to / scan. The difference from the latter is that the CMD makes use of a greater amount of system resources to speed up the analysis of Windows NTFS disk drives. Its syntax must be executed as follows:
- chkdsk / scan / perf
chkdsk / freeorphanedchains
Releases all orphan cluster strings from FAT, FAT32, and ExFAT disks instead of recovering their contents.
chkdsk / markclean
Marks the indicated volumes as clean if no errors or bad sectors are detected. It only supports FAT, FAT32 and ExFAT discs,
chkdsk / spotfix
The command in question is used to unmount the disk volume to solve all errors later through specific commands.
chkdsk / sdccleanup
Performs a collection and deletion of the data that the analysis / scan tool does not use . It requires the use of the / F parameter, in such a way that it has to be executed as follows:
- chkdsk / sdccleanup / F
chkdsk / F
Fix all errors found on hard drive or external drive found in previous reviews.
chkdsk / V
Displays the full path of all files on disk for FAT or FAT32 drives. On NFTS discs it shows cleaning messages if any.
chkdsk / L (or L: size)
Changes the log file size of NTFS disks to the specified amount after the colon. In the event that no quantity is specified, the command displays the current size of the record.
chkdsk / X
Forces the indicated volume to be unmounted to perform disk repair with other commands. Requires the use of / F.
chkdsk / R
It recovers all the bad disk sectors and obtains the readable information housed in them.
chkdsk / I
Performs a less thorough check of disk index entries .
chkdsk / C
Skip checking cycles within the folder structure of the disk in question. It only supports NTFS disks.
chkdsk / B
Re-runs the bad cluster assessment on disk for later repair and recovery. It again requires the use of the / R command to function.
Ways to combine CHKDSK commands
To make the commands we have just seen work, Check Disk requires a certain order to execute the tools associated with them correctly.
The way to combine these commands must follow the following:
- chkdsk [Disk volume ((File path) (File name))] [/ Command letter] [/ L: Cluster size] [/ B] [/ scan] [/ spotfix]
In such a way that it is as follows:
- chkdsk C: / F / R
CHKDSK Command Combination Examples
We leave you below with various combinations of parameters and commands for Check Disk for Windows:
- chkdsk C: / f
- chkdsk C: / f / r
- chkdsk C: / f / r / x / v
- chkdsk C: / l
- chkdsk C: / l: 50000
- chkdsk C: / markclean
- chkdsk / scan
- chkdsk / scan / offlinescanandfix
Possible CHKDSK error messages
When executing a certain command in the CMD with CHKDSK, it is likely that this will throw us a code or error messages .
Beyond the errors related to the syntax of the command, generally Check Disk usually gives us two types of error messages, which we will go on to detail below.
CHKDSK cannot be run as the volume is being used by another process
The solution to this error message is based on accepting the request to dismount the volume through the letter S when required by the CMD. Finally, the command will now be run again, without any problem.
CHKDSK cannot be run because another process is already using the volume
To resolve this error, it is best to reboot the system and rerun the CMD with the CHKDSK command . Before doing so, we will tell the CMD that we want to recheck the volume once Windows restarts by clicking on the letter S.